COVID-19疫苗常见问题
We have created a list of common questions about the COVID-19 vaccines based on current knowledge 和 underst和ing. These questions will continue to evolve with time, so we encourage you to check back frequently for the most up-to-date information.
Thank you for continuing to do your part to help slow the spread of COVID-19 by wearing masks, 保持社交距离, 保持手部卫生.
Common Questions about COVID-19 Vaccines
- Who is currently eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine?
Individuals 12 years 和 older are currently eligible to receive the two-dose Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, while those 18 years 和 older can receive the two-dose Moderna or single-dose Janssen vaccine.
We encourage everyone in our community to become a # VaccineHero 通过接种疫苗.
Pediatric patients ages 5-11 are now eligible to receive the two-dose Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.
- The vaccine was produced very quickly. 我怎么知道它是安全的?
美国.S. vaccine safety system ensures that all vaccines are as safe as possible. Safety is the top priority while federal partners work to make the COVID-19 vaccines. 不管名字是什么意思, “Operation Warp Speed” does not mean that manufacturers were able to skip steps or cut corners in the vaccine development process. 而不是, 在研制出疫苗之后, manufacturers took a secured risk 和 overlapped the study, manufacturing 和 distribution phases. The FDA committed to giving these vaccinations priority (not rushed) review at all phases of the studies, which helped speed up the overall process. Ongoing monitoring of vaccine effectiveness 和 side effect reports will continue to be evaluated by the FDA 和 the manufacturers.
- If I get the COVID-19 vaccine, should I still wear a mask?
是的. 原因如下, a mask 和 other proven methods of preventing COVID-19 (h和 hygiene 和 social distancing) are still important even after receiving the vaccine. It typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That means it is possible that a person could be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 just before or just after vaccination. This is because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. 也, while the vaccines protect you from becoming ill, it is not yet known if the vaccines prevent you from spreading the virus if infected.
除了, while COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective, there is a small percentage of people who might not be protected while the virus continues to spread – including those with compromised immune systems due to cancer 和 cancer treatments 和 those who are unable to be vaccinated due to severe allergic reactions to vaccine ingredients.
Masks also help protect against new strains of the virus, for which vaccine effectiveness is still unclear. 出于这些原因, it is important to continue practicing safety measures like wearing masks until vaccines are widely administered 和 the virus is no longer spreading.
- If I have already had COVID-19 和 recovered, should I still get the COVID-19 vaccine when it is available?
是的, at this time the vaccine is recommended even if you previously tested positive for COVID-19. Due to the severe health risks associated with COVID-19 和 the fact that re-infection with COVID-19 is possible, individuals who have previously been infected with COVID-19 should proceed with getting the vaccine. 然而, due to limited vaccine supply at this time, you may be asked to wait to get the vaccine if you had COVID-19 within the previous 90 days, as the likelihood of reinfection during this time period is likely low.
- Can you contract COVID-19 by getting the vaccine?
No. 这种疫苗不是活疫苗, 和 it is NOT possible to contract COVID-19 from receiving the vaccine. Some people experience side effects from the vaccine, 比如头痛, 肌肉疼痛, or fever – but that does not mean you have COVID-19. It means your body is working to build the necessary immunity against the virus, 这是件好事吗.
- What are the possible side effects/adverse events from the COVID-19 vaccine?
The most common adverse reactions reported have been fatigue, headache, fever/chills 和 joint pain. This means your body is working to build the necessary immunity against the virus.
你可以阅读更多 辉瑞的FDA简报文件 和 Moderna的FDA简报文件 about the side effects reported among the vaccine study participants for these vaccines.
- Can the COVID-19 vaccine be administered to children?
The COVID-19 vaccine is not indicated for children younger than 16 years old at this time.
- Can the COVID-19 vaccine be administered to pregnant women?
The American College of Obstetricians 和 Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends that COVID-19 vaccines should not be withheld from pregnant individuals. It is important to note that the COVID-19 vaccines currently available have not been tested in pregnant women, so there is no safety data specific to use in pregnancy. Pregnant women should make an informed decision after discussing with their healthcare provider.
- 需要注射多少剂? If multiple, when do I get another dose?
The dose regimen for full vaccination will depend on the type of vaccine you receive. For both the Pfizer 和 Moderna vaccine, two doses are required. The second dose of the Pfizer vaccine should be administered 21 days after the first dose. The second dose of the Moderna vaccine should be administered 28 days after the first dose. It is very important to note that the second dose 必须 be from the same manufacturer as the first dose.
Other types of vaccines may only require one dose.
- What should I do if I am unable to get the second dose exactly 21 days (Pfizer) or 28 days (Moderna) after the first dose?
While it is recommended that you receive the second dose as soon as feasible after day 21 or day 28, we underst和 that it might not be possible to receive it on the desired date. This could be due to multiple reasons. Please keep the following in mind if you cannot receive the second vaccine dose on the desired date:
- 你 必须 receive the second dose from the same manufacturer as the first dose.
- Get the second dose as soon as possible after the desired date has passed, as it is better to get the second dose late than not at all. 你 will still experience the same efficacy in the long run, although you may not see the full effect of the immunity until a few weeks after the second dose.
- How long after receiving my full dose regimen until it is considered effective?
类似于流感疫苗, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. That means it’s possible a person could be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 just before or just after vaccination 和 get sick. This is because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. 一般来说, the vaccine is considered effective about two weeks after your full dose regimen, 根据制造商的说法. If you are receiving the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, 需要两剂, there is evidence that the first dose will begin providing some immunity, but it is still very important to receive the second dose for optimal results.
- 我可以选择接种哪种疫苗吗?
We do not recommend waiting for a specific manufacturer. All authorized COVID-19 vaccines have been proven effective in reducing the risk of becoming infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19, decreasing the likelihood of having a severe case of the illness 和 reducing hospitalizations 和 deaths due to COVID-19 disease. It is recommended that you receive the first vaccine made available to you. Early defense is better than no defense against COVID-19.
- 如果接受两剂治疗, should those who experience significant side effects from their first COVID-19 vaccine dose expect significant or worse side effects with the second dose? What about those who were previously COVID-19-positive?
Based on data from the Pfizer 和 Moderna vaccines, there appears to be an increased incidence of experiencing certain side effects from the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine compared to the first dose (e.g., fever, fatigue, headache, chills, 肌肉疼痛, 和 joint pain). This does not mean that all vaccine recipients will experience these side effects with the first or second dose. A full list of the reported side effects comparing Dose 1 和 Dose 2 may be found within the Pfizer BioNTech EUA 简报 以及现代欧盟 简报.
此时此刻, we do not have definitive data to state whether vaccine side effects are worse in patients who were previously positive for COVID-19.
- How long will I need to be observed after I get the vaccine?
在一般情况下, a 30-minute observation period is recommended for anyone with a history of severe allergic reactions (due to any cause), 和 a 15-minute observation period is recommended for all other individuals.
- Will the COVID-19 vaccine result in a false positive COVID-19 test?
No, COVID-19 vaccination will not cause a false positive COVID-19 viral test. 根据CDC指南, the immunity response from a COVID-19 vaccine could possibly result in a positive antibody test, which indicates previous infection 和 potential protection against the virus.
- If I become COVID-19-positive following my first dose of the vaccine, should I take the second dose?
每 美国疾病控制与预防中心的指导, you may receive the vaccine (either dose) following resolution of symptoms, 如果有任何, 和 completion of the quarantine period.
- What ingredients are included in the COVID-19 vaccines?
Ingredients for authorized COVID-19 vaccines can be found via this CDC link. Individuals with allergies to any of the vaccine components should discuss concerns with their healthcare provider before receiving the vaccine.